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Reference

Hosting & Domain Glossary

Plain definitions for the terms that show up on a pricing page, a support ticket, or a "your site is down" panic search — no jargon left unexplained.

Hosting Basics

Web Hosting #
A service that stores a website's files on a server and keeps them reachable on the internet 24/7, so typing a domain name loads the site instead of an error.
Shared Hosting #
Many customer accounts running on the same physical server, each with its own slice of CPU and memory. It's the cheapest way to host a typical site, since the hardware cost is split across everyone on it.
VPS (Virtual Private Server) #
A slice of a physical server walled off with dedicated resources and root access — more control than shared hosting, less overhead than renting a whole machine. See our guide on choosing between shared and VPS hosting.
Dedicated Server #
An entire physical server rented by one customer alone, nothing shared with anyone else. Used when even a VPS doesn't provide enough control or raw resources.
Cloud Hosting #
Hosting spread across a cluster of connected servers instead of a single machine. If one server in the cluster has a problem, the site keeps running on the others.
Uptime #
The percentage of time a server stays reachable over a given period. A 99.9% monthly commitment works out to roughly 43 minutes of allowed unplanned downtime — see our SLA for how that's actually enforced.
Bandwidth #
The total data a hosting account can transfer to visitors in a billing period. Every page load, image, and download counts against it.
Control Panel (cPanel) #
The dashboard for managing a hosting account without touching a command line: files, databases, email accounts, backups, and domain settings, all in one interface. More in logging into your control panel.

Domains & DNS

Domain Name #
The human-readable address typed into a browser, like hostyxo.com, that DNS translates into the numeric server address a computer actually connects to.
TLD (Top-Level Domain) #
The part after the last dot in a domain name — .com, .net, .com.bd — sitting at the top of the domain naming hierarchy.
Nameserver #
A server that answers DNS queries for a domain, holding all of its records. Which nameservers a domain points to determines who's actually in control of its DNS.
DNS #
The system that translates domain names into server IP addresses — the internet's directory, so a browser knows where to send a request. A full breakdown lives in our DNS records guide.
A Record #
A DNS record that points a domain or subdomain directly to a server's IPv4 address. This is the record that makes a domain actually resolve to a hosting server.
CNAME Record #
A DNS record that points one hostname to another hostname rather than an IP address — commonly used to make www.example.com follow example.com automatically.
MX Record #
Tells the internet which server handles email for a domain, with a priority number deciding which server gets tried first if there's more than one.
TTL (Time to Live) #
How long, in seconds, other servers are allowed to cache a DNS record before rechecking it. It's the reason DNS changes take a while to fully propagate rather than applying instantly everywhere.
WHOIS #
The public record system for domain registrations — who registered a domain, which registrar it's with, and its creation and expiry dates. Try it yourself with our free WHOIS lookup.
Subdomain #
A prefix added before a domain name, like blog.example.com, used to separate a section of a site without registering an entirely new domain.

Security

SSL / TLS Certificate #
Encrypts the connection between a browser and a server, shown as the padlock icon and the switch from http:// to https://. More in SSL certificates explained simply.
HTTPS #
The encrypted version of HTTP, the protocol browsers use to load websites. The S specifically means the connection is secured with an SSL/TLS certificate.
Firewall #
A security layer that filters incoming network traffic against a set of rules, blocking connections that look malicious before they ever reach the server.
Malware #
Software written to damage, exploit, or gain unauthorized access to a system. Viruses, ransomware, and spyware are all specific categories under this umbrella.
DDoS Attack #
Short for distributed denial-of-service: flooding a server with traffic from many sources at once, aiming to overwhelm it so real visitors can't get through.
Backup #
A saved copy of a website's files and database from a specific point in time, kept so the site can be restored if something goes wrong. Our WordPress backups guide covers manual and automated options.

Performance

CDN (Content Delivery Network) #
A set of servers spread across different regions that cache a copy of a site's static content, so a visitor's browser loads it from whichever server is geographically closest rather than one server on the other side of the world.
Caching #
Storing a ready-to-serve copy of a page or file so it doesn't have to be rebuilt from scratch on every visit — one of the biggest single levers for page speed. See speeding up your site with caching.
Latency #
The delay between a request being sent and a response starting to arrive, largely driven by the physical distance between a visitor and the server they're connecting to.

Email & Files

SMTP #
Simple Mail Transfer Protocol — the protocol that actually sends email from a client or server out to its destination.
IMAP #
A protocol for reading email that keeps messages synced on the server, so the same mailbox looks identical whether checked from a phone, webmail, or a desktop client.
FTP / SFTP #
Protocols for transferring files to and from a server. SFTP does the same job as FTP but encrypts the connection, which is why it's the one actually worth using.
MySQL #
A relational database system that stores structured data. WordPress, for instance, keeps every post, page, and setting in a MySQL database, not in the theme files themselves.
Cron Job #
A command scheduled to run automatically at set intervals — maintenance scripts and scheduled tasks that shouldn't depend on a visitor loading a page first. Examples in handy cPanel tricks worth knowing.
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